Akụrụngwa dị elu bụ ihe ndabere maka ịmepụta ngwa ngwa dị elu. Agbanyeghị, ọtụtụ ngwaahịa ndị na-emepụta ngwa ngwa ga-enwe mgbawa. Gịnị mere nke a ji eme?

Ugbu a, ndị nkịtị nkọwa nke carbon structural ígwè waya mkpara nyere ụlọ ígwè igwe igwe bụ φ 5.5- φ 45, ndị ọzọ tozuru okè nso bụ φ 6.5- 30. E nwere ọtụtụ àgwà ihe mberede kpatara site phosphorus segregation, dị ka phosphorus segregation nke. obere eriri waya na mmanya. A na-ewebata mmetụta nke nkewa nke phosphorus na nyocha nke nhazi mgbawa n'okpuru maka ntụle. Mgbakwunye nke phosphorus na eserese carbon nke ígwè ga-emechi mpaghara austenite n'otu aka ahụ wee mee ka ohere dị n'etiti solidus na liquidus dịkwuo elu. Mgbe a na-eme ka phosphorus nwere ígwè dị jụụ site na mmiri mmiri gaa na nke siri ike, ọ kwesịrị ịgafe oke okpomọkụ.

Ọnụ ọgụgụ mgbasa ozi nke phosphorus na ígwè na-adị ngwa ngwa, na ígwè a wụrụ awụ nke nwere nnukwu ntinye nke phosphorus (ebe mgbaze dị ala) jupụtara na dendrites mbụ siri ike, nke na-eduga na nkewa nke phosphorus. Maka ngwaahịa ndị na-enwekarị mgbawa n'oge oyi na-atụ oyi ma ọ bụ extrusion oyi, nyocha metallographic na nyocha na-egosi na a na-ekesa ferrite na pearlite na ibe, ma enwere ferrite na-acha ọcha na matrix. Enwere mpaghara nsonye sulfide isi awọ na-adịte aka na matriks ferrite banded. A na-akpọ usoro nke sulfide a na-akpọ "akara ghost" n'ihi nkewa sulfide.
Ihe kpatara ya bụ na mpaghara nwere nnukwu ikewapụ phosphorus na-enye mpaghara ọcha na-egbuke egbuke na mpaghara nkwalite phosphorus. Na nkedo nkedo na-aga n'ihu, n'ihi nnukwu ọdịnaya nke phosphorus dị na mpaghara ọcha, kristal columnar bara ụba na phosphorus na-etinye uche, na-ebelata ọdịnaya nke phosphorus. Mgbe billet siri ike, a na-ebu ụzọ kewapụ austenite dendrites na nchara a wụrụ awụ. A na-ebelata phosphorus na sọlfọ dị na dendrites ndị a, mana nchara nchara siri ike siri ike nwere phosphorus na sọlfọ. Ọ na-eme ka ọ dị n'etiti axes dendrite n'ihi na phosphorus na sulfur ọcha dị elu. N'oge a, a na-emepụta sulfide, a na-agbazekwa phosphorus na matriks. N'ihi na phosphorus na sọlfọ dị elu, a na-emepụta sulfide ebe a, na phosphorus na-agbaze na matrix. Ya mere, n'ihi nnukwu ọdịnaya nke phosphorus na sulfur ọcha, carbon ọdịnaya na phosphorus siri ike ngwọta dị elu. N'akụkụ abụọ nke eriri carbonaceous, ya bụ, n'akụkụ abụọ nke mpaghara ịba ụba nke phosphorus, eriri pearlite dị ogologo ma dị warara na-ejikọta ya na eriri ferrite na-acha ọcha, na-ekewakwa anụ ahụ nkịtị dị n'akụkụ. N'okpuru nrụgide kpo oku, billet ahụ ga-agbatị na ntụziaka nhazi n'etiti ogwe osisi, n'ihi na eriri ferrite nwere nnukwu phosphorus, ya bụ, nkewa nke phosphorus ga-eduga n'ịmepụta eriri eriri ferrite dị arọ na-egbuke egbuke nke nwere nnukwu eriri ferrite na-egbuke egbuke. . Enwere ike ịhụ na e nwekwara eriri sulphide isi awọ dị ọkụ na eriri ferrite na-egbuke egbuke, nke a na-ekesa na ogologo eriri sulfide ọgaranya phosphorus ferrite belt, nke anyị na-akpọkarị "akara mmụọ". (Lee foto 1-2)

Flange Bolt

N'ime usoro ịgbagharị ọkụ, ọ bụrụhaala na enwere ikewapụ phosphorus, ọ gaghị ekwe omume ịnweta microstructure otu. Nke kachasị mkpa, n'ihi na nkewa nke phosphorus etolitela usoro "ghost line", ọ ga-abụrịrị na ọ ga-ebelata ihe eji arụ ọrụ nke ihe ahụ. Nkewa nke phosphorus na carbon bonded steel bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị, mana ogo ya dị iche. Nkewa nke phosphorus siri ike (nhazi "ghost line") ga-ebute mmetụta dị njọ na nchara. N'ụzọ doro anya, oke nkewa nke phosphorus bụ ihe kpatara mgbawa isi oyi. N'ihi na ọdịnaya nke phosphorus dị na ọka dị iche iche nke ígwè dị iche iche, ihe ndị ahụ nwere ike na ike dị iche iche. N'aka nke ọzọ, ọ na-eme ka ihe ahụ na-emepụta nrụgide dị n'ime, nke ga-eme ka ihe dị mfe ịgbawa. N'ihe ndị nwere usoro "ghost line", ọ bụ kpọmkwem n'ihi mbelata nke ike, ike, elongation mgbe mgbaji na mbelata nke mpaghara, karịsịa mbelata mmetụta siri ike, na phosphorus ọdịnaya na ihe nwere nnukwu mmekọrịta na Ọdịdị na Njirimara nke ígwè.
N'ime anụ ahụ "ghost line" dị n'etiti etiti ọhụụ, ahụrụ nnukwu sulfide dị nro na-acha ntụ ntụ site na metallography. Ngwongwo ndị na-abụghị ọla na nchara nhazi na-adịkarị n'ụdị oxides na sulfides. Dị ka eserese GB/T10561-2005 Standard Classification Eserese maka Ọdịnaya nke Mgbanye na-abụghị ọla n'ime igwe, ọdịnaya sulfide nke klaasị B bụ 2.5 ma ọ bụ karịa. Ntinye na-abụghị metallic bụ isi iyi mgbawa nwere ike ime. Ịdị adị ya ga-emebi nnukwu ihe ịga n'ihu na mkpirisi nke usoro ígwè ahụ, si otú a na-ebelata ike intergranular nke ukwuu.
A na-eche na sulfide dị n'ime ime ụlọ "akara ghost" nke ígwè bụ akụkụ kachasị mfe mgbawa. Ya mere, ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke fasteners gbawara na oyi n'isi na okpomọkụ ọgwụgwọ quenching na mmepụta saịtị, nke e mere site a ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke ìhè isi awọ ogologo sulfides. Uwe a na-adịghị akwa akwa mebiri ihe ndị nwere ọla na-aga n'ihu ma mụbaa ohere nke ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ. Enweghị ike iwepụ "ahịrị mmụọ" site na ịhazigharị na ụzọ ndị ọzọ, na ihe adịghị ọcha ga-achịkwa nke ọma tupu agbaze ma ọ bụ akụrụngwa abanye n'ime osisi ahụ. Dị ka ihe mejupụtara na deformability si dị, a na-ekewa ihe ndị na-abụghị ọla n'ime alumina (ụdị A) silicate (ụdị C) na spherical oxide (ụdị D). Ọdịdị ya ga-ebipụ ihe na-aga n'ihu nke ígwè ahụ wee ghọọ olulu ma ọ bụ mgbawa mgbe a kpochapụrụ ya, nke dị mfe ịmepụta mgbawa n'oge isi oyi ma mee ka nrụgide nrụgide n'oge ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ, si otú a na-eme ka ọkpụkpụ kwụsị. Ya mere, a na-achịkwa ihe ndị na-abụghị ọla. Steel Structural Carbon Structural Steels GB/T700-2006 na GB T699-2016 Carbon Steels dị elu na-atụpụta ihe achọrọ maka ntinye na-abụghị ọla. Maka akụkụ ndị dị mkpa, ọ bụ n'ozuzu A, B, C ụdị usoro dị oke njọ, usoro dị mma abụghị ihe karịrị 1.5, D, Ds ụdị usoro siri ike na ọkwa 2 abụghị ihe karịrị ọkwa 2.

Hebei Chengyi Engineering Materials Co., Ltd bụ ụlọ ọrụ nwere afọ 21 nke mmepụta ngwa ngwa na ahụmịhe ahịa. Ihe nkedo anyị na-eji akụrụngwa dị elu, mmepụta ihe na teknụzụ mmepụta ihe, yana usoro nlekọta zuru oke iji hụ na ngwaahịa dị mma. Ọ bụrụ na ị nwere mmasị ịzụta fasteners, biko kpọtụrụ anyị.